The third report on progress on transboundary cooperation (SDG indicator 6.5.2) was published by UNECE and UNESCO in October 2024. It shows only 26 countries have all their transboundary waters covered by operational arrangements, so an unprecedented effort is needed to meet SDG target 6.5 by 2030. Slow progress threatens to delay joint strategies needed to address the intensifying impacts of droughts and floods in the context of climate change.